Both of my young adult novels, The Dragons of Antioch and The Five Dragon Sword, could probably best be categorized as urban fantasy or contemporary fantasy, centered as they are around a group of high school kids in the tiny town of Antioch, North Carolina who accidentally discover a dragon, Ming, who leads them into all sorts of fantastic adventures.
However, much of the second novel (The Five Dragon Sword) takes place in sixth century Goguryeo (one of the historic Three Kingdoms of ancient Korea)… and therein lies the problem. History.
The bulk of the story (the recovery of an ancient sword, gift from a Silla king and stolen by brigands) can probably best be described as ‘historical fantasy’ — fantasy in that the tale involves dragons and time travel and special powers earned through training in the esoteric secrets of Chines martial arts (which themselves border the line between fantasy and reality), but history in that the story is set against a very ‘real’ backdrop of Korean history.
The problem comes in weaving a fantasy, a fiction, within that historical background… and the (necessary) ‘bending’ of that history for the sake of the story.
Goguryeo was a very real kingdom, as was Silla (one of the southern Three Kingdoms) and their respective kings, Yahngwon and Jinheung; the Göktürk (a nomadic tribe of western Turks who tried to carve an empire east into China and Korea) and their leader, Bumin Khan, were equally real… the story of the sword itself, however, the Yuseongdaedo (‘Heaven Star Sword’) is pure fantasy, as are many of the elements of the story. Little information is available, for instance, on the details of the Göktürk lifestyle, and so many of those details were (somewhat liberally) based on other cultures contemporary to them or offset somewhat by history or place, especially another more well-known Asian nomadic culture, the Mongols.
The problem is my fear that people will read the story (a fantasy, remember) only to criticize certain details because they may not be precisely historically correct, and while pains were definitely taken to make those details as accurate as possible based on information at hand, the bottom line is that it is still a fantasy… a fiction.
The flavor of the history is there, as are many of the details, but in the end The Five Dragon Sword is not a history book!
The best analogy I can come up with would be the Lord of the Rings trilogy by J. R. R. Tolkien. Many of the elements of the story — the speech, the weapons and armor, the lifestyle — are identifiable as being comparable to English or European history; the elves are based, by and large, on Scandinavian elves; it is impossible not to think of Gandalf as a fictional manifestation of a (more or less) historical Merlin… but hobbits (and really most of the fantastical elements of the story) are not history… and to read Lord of the Rings as history would be a mistake.
And that is the pitfall, I think, of historical fantasy — enough of the elements of history are there to ‘justify’ the reader in being ‘nit-picky’ about other elements that are not quite accurate.
It is is story, though, and not meant to be history… it should be read as a fantasy, primarily, and the historical elements (while adding color and detail) should be read as just slightly more ‘real’ fantasy without getting bogged down in whether sixth century proto-Koreans actually ate kimchi (they didn’t — the red peppers necessary for making that most readily-identifiable Korean food weren’t introduced until much later), or whether the Göktürk actually practiced yağlı güreş (a type of specialized oile Turkish wrestling… which they most probably didn’t).
Color. Detail. But in the end… still fantasy.
So in the final analysis, is the history in Five Dragon Sword ‘real’? Absolutely…
As real as George Washington chopping down that cherry tree; as real as the historic King Arthur pulling Excaliber from a stone to earn him his crown; as real as Johnny Appleseed and Pecos Bill… set in an historical time, but the events or the characters themselves sheer fantasy.
Enjoy the story, don’t get overly bogged down in the details. And remember the bottom line… hobbits aren’t history.